Communication and Network

Modulation

Modulation is the process of varying one or more properties of a high-frequency periodic waveform, called the carrier signal, with a modulating signal which typically contains information to be transmitted.

TCP/IP

 

TCP/IP is also known as Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol. It is the basic communication language or protocol of the Internet. It can also be used as a communications protocol in a private network .

Node

Node is a connection point in communication network.In network theory or graph theory, the term node refers to a point in a network topology at which lines intersect or branch.

Client

A client is an application or system that accesses a remote service on another computer system,known as a server, by way of a network.

Server

In computing, the term server is used to refer to a computer program running to serve the needs or requests of other programs  which may or may not be running on the same computer.In computer networking, a server is a program that operates as a socket listener.

Network Operating Systems

A networking operating system is also known as NOS. It is the software that runs on a server and enables the server to manage data, users, groups, security, applications, and other networking functions. The network operating system is designed to allow shared file and printer access among multiple computers in a network, typically a local area network.

Network Administrator

A network administrator is a person responsible for the maintenance of computer hardware and software that comprises a computer network. This normally includes deploying, configuring, maintaining and monitoring active network equipment.

Demodulation

Demodulation  is the act of extracting the original information-bearing signal from a modulated carrier wave. A demolutor is an electronic circuitthat is used to recover the information content from the modulated carrier wave.

Bandwidth

In computer networks, bandwidth is often used as a synonym for data transfer rate - the amount of data that can be carried from one point to another in a given time period.In electronic communication, bandwidth is the width of the range of frequencies that an electronic signal uses on a given transmission medium.

Secondary Storage

Disk Caching

A disk cache is a mechanism for improving the time it takes to read from or write to a hard disk.  A disk cache can also be a specified portion of random access memory . It holds data that has recently been read and, in some cases, adjacent data areas that are likely to be accessed next. Write caching is also provided with some disk caches.

File Compression

File compression is commonly used when sending a file from one computer to another over a connection that has limited bandwidth. The compression basically makes the file smaller and, therefore, the sending of the file is faster.

File Decompression

 

File decompression is the reverse--the decoding of compressed data to restore the original data

Internet Hard Drive

The Internet hard drive will allow you to deposit your computer files into a remote hard drive,  then access those very same files from any other computer.

Optical Disk Drive

It is a disk drive that uses laser light or electromagnetic waves near the light spectrum as part of the process of reading or writing data to or from optical discs.

Solid - State Storage

It is a data storage device that uses solid-state memory to store persistent data with the intention of providing access in the same manner of a traditional block i/o hard disk drive.

Input And Output

Ergonomic Keyboard

An ergonomic keyboard is a computer keyboard that designed with ergonimic considerations to minimize muscle strain and a host of related problems. It typically such keyboards are constructed in a V shape, to allow right and left hands to type at a slight angle more natural to the human form.

Inkjet Printer

Inkjet printer is a type of computer printer that creates a digital image by propelling droplets of ink onto paper. Inkjet printers are the most commonly used type of printer and range from small inexpensive consumer models to very large professional machines, that can cost up to thousands of dollars.

Laser Printer

Laser printer is a common type of computer printer that rapidly produces high quality text and graphics on plain paper.

Magnetic - ink character recognition

Magnetic ink character recognition is also known as MICR. It is a character recognition technology used primarily by the banking industry to facilitate the processing of cheques.

Optical - character recognition

Optical character recognition is also known as OCR. It is the mechanical or electronic translation of scanned images of handwritten, typewritten or printed text into machine-encoded text. It is widely used to convert books and documents into electronic files, to computerize a record-keeping system in an office, or to publish the text on a website.

Optical - mark recognition



Optical mark recognition is also known as OMR. It is the process of capturing human-marked data from document forms such as surveys and tests.

System Unit

RAM

 RAM is a memory device in which information can be accessed in any order that place in a computer where the operating system, application programs, and data in current use are kept so that they can be reached by the computer's processor. RAM also called Random Access Memory.

Cache Memory

Cache memory is the small amount of memory that is normally less than 1MB that resides on the CPU.The CPU cache is a cache used by the central processing unit for a computer to reduce the average time to access memory. 

ROM

ROM also known as Read Only Memory. ROM is computer memory that can permanently store data and applications within it. ROM has the programming that allows your computer to be regenerated each time you turn it on.

Flash Memory

Flash memory is a type of constantly-powered nonvolatile memory. It can be erased and reprogrammed in units of memory called blocks. Flash memory also called flash RAM sometimes.

Graphic Card

Graphic card is a device that installed in the computer that consists of a graphics processing unit designed to help process and display 3D graphics.

Sound Card

Sound card is also called audio card. It is a device that enable the computer to input, process, and deliver sound. The four main functions are, as a synthesizer, as a MIDI interface, analog-to-digital conversion, and digital-to-analog conversion . The three methods of sound synthesis are through frequency modulation.

Network Interface Card

A network interface card (NIC) is a computer circuit board or card that is installed in a computer so that it can be connected to a network. Network interface cards provide a dedicated, full-time connection to a network.

Plug And Play

Plug and Play is a capability developed by Microsoft that gives users the ability to plug a device into a computer and have the computer recognize that the device is there. Microsoft made Plug and Play a selling point for its Windows operating systems.

Serial Port

Serial port is a socket on a computer used to connect a modem, data acquisition terminal or other device via a serial interface. Serial ports provide slow speeds and have been superseded by USB and other faster interfaces for peripheral connections to desktop computers.

Parallel Port









Parallel port is a type of interface found on computers for connecting various peripherals. In computing, a parallel port is a parallel communication physical interface. It is also known as a printer port or centronics port.

Universal Serial Bus Port

Universal serial bus port is also known as USB port. It is an interface on the computer that enables you to connect a Universal Serial Bus (USB) device. USB ports support a plug that is approximately 7 mm x 1 mm.

FireWire Port

FireWire port is a high-speed serial bus that was developed by Apple, Texas Instruments and others via the IEEE. Standardized as the IEEE 1394 High Performance Serial Bus (HPSB), FireWire supports 63 devices, real-time data transfer, hot swapping and simultaneous multiple speeds. It is widely used to download video from digital camcorders to the computer and is also used in other A/V applications.

Ethernet Port

Ethernet port is an opening on computer network equipment that Ethernet cables plug into. These ports are alternatively called jacks or sockets. Ethernet ports accept cables with RJ-45 connectors

High Definition Multimedia Interface

 

High definition multimedia interface is also known as HDMI. It is a compact audio/video interface for transmitting uncompressed digital data. It is a digital alternative to consumer analog standards.

Basic and Specialized Software Application

Grapical User Interface (GUI)

Graphical User Interface is a type of user interface that allows user to interact with electronic devices that allows any graphics image to be displayed on screen.It also can be used in computers,MP3 players,portable media players or gaming devices,household appliances and office equipment.The major graphical user interfaces are Windows and Mac along with GNOME and KDE for Linux.

Word Processor

Word processor is a type of software that displays characters based on a user's input or an external or internal keyboard.It processes words,paragraphs,pages and entire papers.The example of word processing programs included Microsoft Word,AppleWorks,WordPerfect and OpenOffice.org.

Spreadsheet

A spreadsheet is a table to store various types of date in grid of horizontal rows and vertical columns.A spreadsheet application is a computer program such as Excel, Lotus 1-2-3, OpenOffice Calc, or Google Spreadsheets.

DBMS

DBMS also known as Database Management System.It is a software that controls the organization, storage, retrieval, security and integrity of data in a database and accepts requests from the application and instructs the operating system to transfer the appropriate data.

Utility Suites

Utility suites appeal when Windows included safety and maintenance features than it does now, but all three currently available suites are worth considering if you want an all-in-one toolkit handy for maintenance and cleanup. None supports the Firefox browser, for example, although all include Internet cleanup features.

Web Authoring
 
Web authoring is a web site that develop system that allows Web pages to be visually created like a desktop publishing program.It generates the required HTML code for the pages.

Audio Editing Software
Audio editing software is to record and edit music,voice and other audio recordings.You can cut,copy and paste parts of recordings then add effects like echo, amplification and noise reduction.

Bitmap Image

Bitmap image is a type of graphic composed of pixels in a grid.The bitmap format is a commonly used raster graphic format for saving image files.

Desktop Publishing Program

Desktop publishing program is use of a personal computer to perform publishing tasks. It allows an individual to combine text, numerical data, and graphic elements in a document that can be output on a printer or a phototypesetter.

HTML Editor

HTML editor is a low-level Web site authoring tool that is essentially a text editor, specialized for writing HTML code. It assists the HTML author by cataloging all HTML tags and common structures in menus and by being able to catch certain syntax errors.

Image Editor

Image editor is a software that allows images to be edited and also converted to different graphics formats.The common functions are manually cropping and resizing the image and using "filters" to adjust brightness, contrast and colors.

Multimedia

Multimedia is the use of computers to present text,graphics,video,animation and sound in an integrated way.

Vector Image

Vector graphics are comprised of paths, which are defined by a start and end point, along with other points, curves, and angles along the way. A path can be a line, a square, a triangle, or a curvy shape. These paths can be used to create simple drawings or complex diagrams.

The Internet,The Web and Electronic Commerce

URL

URL also known as Uniform Resource Locator,web site address.URL are the address that defines the route to a file on an Internet server.It cannot have spaces or certain other characters and uses forward slashes to denote different directories.The URL contains the protocol prefix, port number, domain name, subdirectory names and file name.

HTML

HTML stands for HyperText Markup Language.HTML is the basic building-blocks of webpages.The markup tells the Web browser how to display a Web page's words and images for the user.HTML allows images and objects to be embedded and can be used to create interactive forms.

JavaScript

JavaScript is the scripting language used for client side scripting and developed by Netscape in 1995.Microsoft and Netscape introduced JavaScript support in their browsers.It adds interactive functions to HTML pages, which are otherwise static, since HTML is a display language, not a programming language.

Applets

Applet is a small program that works from within a larger application program. An applet has limited features but only requires limited memory resources. It cannot operate on its own. Applets are written in the Java programming language.

Blogs

Blog is a Web site that contains an online personal journal with reflections, comments, and often hyperlinks provided by the blog owner.A blog is often a mixture of what is happening in a person's life and what is happening on the Web, a kind of diary site.


Wikis

A wiki is a Web site that allows users to add and update content on the site using their own Web browser.With a wiki, any user can edit the site content, including other users' contributions, using a regular Web browser.

FTP

FTP also known as File Transfer Protocol,the protocol for exchanging files over the Internet.

Plug-in

Software that is installed into an existing application in order to enhance its capability. For example, plug-ins are widely used in image editing programs such as Photoshop to add some special effect.

Filters

 A program that accepts a certain type of data as input, transforms it in some manner, and then outputs the transformed data.

Internet Security Suite

Internet security is a branch of computer security specifically related to the Internet. Its objective is to establish rules and measures to use against attacks over the Internet.